The Pharos Lighthouse

Pharos Lighthouse

The Pharos Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, holds a special place in both historical and architectural history. Here is an overview of its history:

Origin and Construction

Commissioned By: Ptolemy I Soter I around 297 BC.
Inaugurated By: His son, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, approximately 15 years later.
Location: On a small island near the eastern harbor of Alexandria.

Design and Structure

Height: Approximately 425 feet tall.
Levels: Consisted of three tiers – a square base, an octagonal middle section, and a circular top.
Beacon: Featured a fire that was reflected across the sea by a large polished bronze mirror.
Visibility: The light was reported to be visible from up to 31 miles offshore.

Significance

Role: Served as a guide for sailors navigating the treacherous rocks of Alexandria’s harbor.
Duration of Service: Functioned as a lighthouse for over 1500 years.

Decline and Collapse

Neglect: Began deteriorating after the Arab conquest.
Earthquakes and Subsidence: Further weakened the structure in the 10th century.
Final Collapse: Occurred during an earthquake in the 14th century.

Archaeological Discoveries

Legacy

Scale Replica: A 55-foot-tall structure built by Ptolemy II Philadelphus in Abuqir, believed to be a replica of the Pharos.
Naval Museum: Qait Bey Fort, undergoing various enlargements and reconstructions, now houses this museum.

The Pharos Lighthouse not only guided ancient mariners but also continues to light up history with its fascinating story, a testament to the architectural and navigational ingenuity of its time.

Created On April 22, 2020

Updated On January 26, 2024