Valley of the Golden Mummies

Valley of the Golden Mummies

In the heart of Egypt’s Western Desert, Bahariya Oasis, once a tranquil and lesser-known locale, has transformed into an archaeological marvel. The discovery of the Roman necropolis, now famously known as the Valley of the Golden Mummies, has catapulted Bahariya into global prominence.

Unveiling the Valley of Golden Mummies

It was in 1999 when the world first heard of this monumental discovery, three years after Ashry Shaker, an antiquities inspector, alerted Dr. Zahi Hawass to the presence of mummies. This revelation unfolded quite unexpectedly when an antiquities guard, riding a donkey along a road 6 kilometers from the town of Bawiti, stumbled upon a hole leading to the ancient site, near the ruins of the Temple of Alexander.

Dr. Zahi Hawass and his team of Egyptian archaeologists embarked on a meticulous exploration, uncovering approximately 108 mummies in four tombs in their initial sweep. The opening of the first tomb unveiled a breathtaking sight – gold glinting in the sunlight, undisturbed for centuries. Dr. Hawass postulated that the necropolis might hold over 10,000 mummies.

Insights into a Roman Past

These tombs belonged to Roman families residing in Bahariya, remarkably intact, untouched by grave robbers. The interiors revealed multiple chambers housing rows of mummies, some in painted and gilded coffins, adorned with jewelry and golden masks. Surrounding these mummies were an array of burial items including coins, wine jars, amulets, and pottery.

Further excavations in 2000 unearthed seven new tombs and 103 mummies, adorned with decorative coffins and masks. Intriguingly, temple-shaped stelae were also found, adorned with depictions of deities like Horus, Osiris, and Anubis.

In total, 233 burials had been discovered, with one particularly lavish tomb, Tomb 54, featuring a mummy donned in a golden mask with a uraeus, a symbol of royalty.

Variety in Mummification Styles

The mummies showcased four distinct styles: some with gilded masks and chest decorations, others in colorful cartonnage coffins, some in plain anthropoid pottery coffins, and a few wrapped in linen, indicative of New Kingdom era burials.

The architectural uniqueness of each tomb, varying in the number of rooms and burial styles, suggests a community affluent enough to afford such elaborate burials. While six mummies were exhibited worldwide, most remain in the necropolis, respecting their final resting places.

Archaeologists continue their work to preserve and restore these tombs, with no definitive end to the excavation in sight. This endeavor promises to uncover more about Roman life and mummification practices in Bahariya.

Beyond the Necropolis

For travelers seeking grandeur in Bahariya, the oasis may seem understated. Yet, its allure lies in the serene hot springs, the mesmerizing landscapes of the White Desert, and the rich tapestry of history beneath its sands. Bahariya offers a unique blend of relaxation, adventure, and a peek into an ancient world that still has much to reveal.

Created On May 4, 2020

Updated On January 26, 2024

BAHARIYA OASIS Travel Guide
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