The World’s First Labour Strike

The World’s First Labour Strike

The World's First Labour Strike

It is not uncommon in today’s world to hear about labour strikes happening all over. Unfair pay, long hours, twisted wage gaps, and more can cause a group of workers to simply refuse their jobs and go on ‘strike’.

With the formations of unions and expectations of higher wages and better benefits, jobs can sometimes seem somewhat unstable, and strikes have proven to be a way for workers to get the fairness they want and deserve

With the commonality of labour strikes today, it might be difficult to think of a time where they simply didn’t exist, but have you ever wondered about how labour strikes actually started?

The world’s first recorded labour strike occurred in ancient Egypt, in 1152 B.C. The strike was recorded under the rule of Pharaoh Ramses III, during the coming of the iron age in Egypt. Artisans at the time were working on the tombs in the Valley of the Kings.

The workers’ demands at the time were not as technical as the sort of demands we may hear of today. Where today it is not uncommon for workers to demand things like higher wages, the labourers during the first recorded strike were exasperated due to delays, and quite simply, hunger.

Exhaustion set in for the labourers of Ramses III that was brought on by delays in their supplies. Just like that, the workers laid down their tools, walked off the job, and refused to continue their work until their demands were met.

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The lack of wheat rations was the main issue of their strike, and they even went so far as to write letters to village leaders explaining their grievances, and simply stating that they were hungry, supplies were not delivered on time, and they couldn’t work under the conditions that continued to plague them, even causing them to buy their own wheat simply so they wouldn’t starve.

Their demands were addressed almost instantly by authorities, and the strike ended by the artisans going back to work the very next day. Though, this didn’t mean everything was perfect right away.

Explore the Valley of the Kings and learn more about the lives of ancient Egyptian artisans.

There were several more strikes that followed over time with similar issues being addressed and similar requests for rations and timely delivery of supplies.

Dive into the history with a Private Tour to the Valley of Kings and see where these events unfolded.

The final strike of the Valley of the Kings labourers ended in a bit of an anti-climactic fashion, with one of the labour leaders heading up a strike again, with other workers choosing not to follow him and continue their work. Wheat rations and supplies were eventually restored, and the workers ended their strikes.

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During the last several years of Ramses III’s reign, there were no more labour strikes. However, there are recorded complaints and strikes from other labourers nearly fifty years later, during the reign of a new Pharaoh.

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Frequently Asked Questions About The World’s First Labour Strike

What was the world’s first recorded labour strike?

The first recorded labour strike in history took place in 1152 B.C. in ancient Egypt under the rule of Pharaoh Ramses III. The artisans working on the tombs in the Valley of the Kings stopped working due to delayed food rations and harsh working conditions.

What caused the strike?

The workers went on strike primarily because their wheat rations were delayed, leaving them hungry and unable to continue their work. They demanded their rightful supplies, stating that they could not work under such conditions.

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Where did the strike take place? The strike happened in Deir el-Medina, the village where the Valley of the Kings workers lived. These artisans were responsible for crafting the elaborate tombs for the pharaohs and noble families.

How did the workers protest?

The artisans laid down their tools, walked off the job, and refused to return until their demands were met. They also wrote letters to local authorities explaining their grievances.

How long did the strike last?

The strike was resolved quickly—the authorities responded the next day and provided the workers with their overdue rations.

Did this strike lead to any significant changes?

While the strike itself was short-lived, it set a precedent for organized worker protests. Several similar strikes occurred in later years, demanding fair treatment and supplies.

What was daily life like for these workers?

The artisans of Deir el-Medina were highly skilled and had stable jobs, government-provided food rations, and housing. However, when the system failed—such as delays in wages (food supplies)—it caused severe hardship. While the strike itself was short-lived, it set a precedent for organized worker protests. Several similar strikes occurred in later years, demanding fair treatment and supplies.

Did labour strikes happen frequently in ancient Egypt?

Labour strikes were rare but did occur multiple times. There are records of similar protests happening about 50 years later, during the reign of a new Pharaoh.

Were the workers punished for striking?

No, historical records do not indicate any severe punishment. Instead, the authorities quickly addressed their concerns, likely to avoid delays in tomb construction for the pharaohs.

Can I visit the site where the strike happened?

Yes! You can visit Deir el-Medina and the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, where the artisans worked. There are guided tours that provide insights into their daily lives and the historical significance of the strike.

What are the best tours to explore this history?

The Grand West Bank Tour – Covers the tombs of Ramses III and other significant sites. Private Tour to the Valley of the Kings – Learn about the artisans and their impact on Egyptian history. Half-Day Luxor & Karnak Temples Tour – Discover the magnificent temples near the strike location.

How can I book a tour to these locations?

You can book tours through reputable travel agencies specializing in Egyptian historical sites, or check online platforms for guided experiences.

Why is this strike important today?

This event is the first recorded example of workers demanding fair treatment, making it an important part of labour history. It shows that even in ancient times, workers were aware of their rights and willing to protest for fairness.

What can modern workers learn from this ancient strike?

The strike highlights the power of collective action, demonstrating that workers advocating for their rights can lead to change—even in a time ruled by Pharaohs.

Are there other historical records of similar labour movements?

While the Egyptian strike is the earliest known, similar protests have occurred throughout history, from ancient Rome to modern labour unions.

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