Gateway Temples
The Rich Historical Tapestry of Qena
Qena, a town steeped in a blend of ancient and Islamic heritage, holds a significant place in Egypt’s historical narrative. Here’s an exploration of its storied past:
- Ancient Beginnings and Greek Influence
- Originally named Caene (New Town) by the ancient Greeks, distinguishing it from the nearby Coptos (now Qifṭ).
- Located 23 km north of Coptos, it gradually took over the latter’s significant trade with Arabia, India, and China.
- Trade and Route Changes
- The shift in trade prominence was due to a new northern route across the Eastern Desert to the ports of Safaga and Al-Quṣier.
- Post-Mamlūk period (after 1517) archaeological findings at Al-Quṣier suggest the change in trade routes.
- Although trade diminished in the Ottoman period, this northern route persisted, especially for Upper Egyptians embarking on the hajj pilgrimage to Mecca.
- Islamic Influence and Religious Significance
- Qena is not just an ancient trade hub but also a center of Islamic heritage.
- The Maghrebi Abd el-Rahim, upon returning from Mecca, established a Sufi center in Qena.
- His death in 1195 led to the construction of a mosque over his tomb, turning it into a pilgrimage site.
- The large modern mosque of Sheikh el-Qenawi in the town’s main square highlights his enduring influence.
- Modern Developments and Infrastructure
- The town experienced a revival during and after World War II.
- Its strategic location as a terminus for the road to the Red Sea coast and its status as a governorate capital spurred growth.
- The construction of a bridge across the Nile and the upgrading of the Upper Egypt highway, passing through Qena, enhanced its importance.
- Qena is well-connected, served by the Cairo–Aswan railway and a nearby military air base.
- Economic and Cultural Hub
- Today, Qena is a bustling market town and a service center for road vehicles.
- Traditionally noted for producing porous clay water vessels, a craft that continues to this day.
Qena’s rich tapestry of history, from its Greek roots and Islamic heritage to its modern-day significance, makes it a city of multifaceted cultural and historical importance. It’s a testament to the enduring legacy of civilizations and cultures that have contributed to its development over the centuries.
Created On March 18, 2020
Updated On Aug , 2024
QENA Travel Guide