General Travel Safety in Egypt
Crime and Scams: Egypt has a relatively low violent crime rate, especially in tourist areas. Most crime affecting travelers is petty theft – e.g. pickpocketing or bag-snatching in crowded places . Violent crime is uncommon, though not unheard of; there have been occasional reports of armed robberies or muggings (even taxi robberies) targeting foreigners To stay safe, keep your valuables secure (use hotel safes, carry a cross-body bag) and remain alert in busy markets, transport hubs, and tourist sites.
Be cautious of scams: common ones include taxi drivers claiming the meter is “broken” (always agree on a fare or ensure the meter runs) , unsolicited “free” gifts that later demand payment , or overly pushy touts offering tours and goods. At major attractions like the Pyramids of Giza, expect persistent offers for camel rides or guiding – some can be aggressive in asking for money It helps to firmly but politely say no (try “la’a, shukran“, meaning “no, thanks” in Arabic) and walk away. If a situation feels off (e.g. someone trying to lead you to a shop or out of public view), remove yourself quickly.
Overall, by exercising the same precautions you would in any large city, you can avoid most issues. Egypt is far from lawless – in fact, one travel safety report noted it is “nearly crime-free” when it comes to serious offenses – but tourist-targeted petty crime does exist, so stay vigilant.
Health and Hygiene: Travelers to Egypt should pay special attention to food and water safety to avoid the infamous “Pharaoh’s revenge” (traveler’s diarrhea). Do not drink tap water in Egypt – stick to bottled or purified water even for brushing your teeth . Avoid raw foods that may have been washed in tap water; favor fruits you can peel and food that is thoroughly cooked and served hot It’s wise to wash hands frequently or use sanitizer, as this can prevent many illnesses The CDC recommends that travelers be up-to-date on routine immunizations and receive Hepatitis A and Typhoid vaccines before visiting Egypt ([
Egypt | CDC Yellow Book 2024 (these protect against food- and water-borne diseases). Some travelers also get Hepatitis B vaccines and ensure their COVID-19 vaccination is current ([
Egypt is not a malaria-risk country (except rare cases in Sinai in past decades), and no yellow fever is present (a yellow fever certificate is only required if coming from a country with risk). Heat and sun can pose health risks, especially in summer – the sun is intense, and dehydration can happen quickly. Wear sunscreen, a hat, and stay hydrated (carry bottled water). In the desert or Upper Egypt, midday temperatures are extreme in warmer months, so plan sightseeing in early morning or late afternoon when possible, and rest during the peak heat.
Healthcare in major cities like Cairo and Alexandria is adequate, with hospitals and clinics that international travelers can use, though quality varies. Tourist hubs such as Luxor, Aswan, and Sharm El-Sheikh have medical centers used to foreigners. Travel health insurance is essential – ensure your policy covers treatment in private hospitals and medical evacuation. The U.S. State Department specifically urges obtaining medical evacuation insurance for Egypt since in a serious emergency you might need evacuation to Cairo or even abroad. Carry a basic medical kit (including anti-diarrheal medication, rehydration salts, any personal prescriptions, etc.). If you do get sick, seek out doctors
recommended by your hotel or embassy; many doctors speak English. Pharmacies are widespread and often have medications available over-the-counter at low cost, but bring a supply of any critical medicines. Finally, COVID-19: Egypt lifted most COVID restrictions, but it’s wise to check the latest entry requirements and health advice (as of 2024–2025, no quarantine or tests are required for entry, but this could change). Basic precautions like mask-wearing in crowded indoor areas are optional but can help during flu/COVID season.
Political Climate and Terrorism: Egypt has been politically stable in recent years under a strict government, which means public protests or demonstrations are illegal without a permit and quickly dispersed As a traveler, you should avoid all demonstrations or large political gatherings – not only can they turn unpredictable, but being near one could get you in trouble with authorities (foreigners have been detained for being around protests, even unintentionally The threat of terrorism exists in Egypt, though authorities have ramped up security to protect tourist areas. Militant groups (some affiliated with ISIS) operate mainly in North Sinai (far from the typical tourist trail), but in the past decade there have been a few high-profile attacks in mainland Egypt as well. Extremists have at times targeted places where tourists or Christians congregate, such as churches, buses, popular sites, markets, or transportation hubs.
Notably, in late 2018 and in May 2019, there were bomb attacks against tourist buses near the Giza pyramids, causing injuries These incidents are rare – and security at major sites was further tightened afterward – but they underscore that risks haven’t completely disappeared. Western governments currently rate Egypt’s terrorism risk as medium to high: for example, Canada’s travel advisory warns that attacks can occur anywhere in the country, including Cairo, without warning , and the U.S. State Department in October 2024 reissued a Level 3: Reconsider Travel advisory for Egypt due to terrorism concerns.
Despite these warnings, millions of tourists visit Egypt every year safely. The Egyptian government heavily guards tourist zones because tourism is so vital to the economy. You will notice a strong security presence: armed police at temple entrances, metal detectors at museum doors, road checkpoints on highways, and plainclothes officers in some tourist areas Tourist police (English-speaking officers dedicated to assisting tourists) are present at major sites and can be approached if you feel threatened or need help. These measures have been largely effective – there have been no major attacks on tourist sites in the last few years. However, travelers should still exercise common-sense caution: stay alert in crowded places, and consider avoiding sites (if any) that lack visible security.
It’s also wise to be extra vigilant during sensitive dates (such as the anniversary of the 2011 revolution on January 25, or religious holidays like Easter and Ramadan), when there is often a heightened threat level and past incidents have occurred In late 2023, during the Israel–Gaza conflict, Egypt’s Sinai region saw increased military security (and even a few stray incidents near the border), but tourist areas remained calm The key is to stay informed: check your government’s latest travel advisories and register with your embassy before your trip. And remember – any risk from terrorism, while real, is statistically very low for an individual traveler. As one traveler quipped, the drive to the airport is likely more dangerous than the flight to Cairo (. Enjoy Egypt, but keep your eyes open and avoid any form of political activity as a visitor.
Transportation Safety: Getting around in Egypt requires some care, as traffic conditions can be challenging. Road accidents are unfortunately common; factors like poor road conditions, aggressive driving habits, and weak enforcement of traffic laws contribute to a high accident rate If you’re brave enough to self-drive, know that Egyptian city traffic (especially in Cairo) is chaotic – lanes are often fluid, honking is constant, and right of way is earned more than given. Driving at night outside cities is not recommended due to unlit roads, stray animals, and the risk of encounters with fast-moving trucks or buses on highways Tourists on short trips typically hire drivers or take tours rather than self-drive. If you do rent a car, ensure you have adequate insurance and the proper permits (an International Driving Permit is required to drive legally ).
For most travelers, using reputable transportation is the safest bet. In major cities like Cairo and Alexandria, ride-hailing apps such as Uber and Careem are widely available and generally safer than hailing street taxis . They offer the advantage of GPS tracking and cashless payment, and you avoid haggling. Regular taxis are plentiful but often don’t use meters – if you must take one, negotiate a price before entering or insist on the meter. In Cairo, the metro is a cheap and efficient way to avoid traffic jams; it’s relatively safe and even has women-only cars for female passengers who prefer that option . Buses and microbuses are very cheap but can be confusing and crowded; if you use them, watch out for pickpockets and keep your bag close.
For intercity travel, trains connect Cairo with Alexandria and the Nile Valley (Luxor/Aswan). The overnight sleeper train between Cairo and Luxor/Aswan is a popular option. Trains are a comfortable way to travel, but note that Egypt’s rail system has had some serious accidents (collisions and derailments) in the past These incidents are infrequent, but it’s a reminder to remain alert (know where the exits are, etc.). On board, keep your belongings secure; use the chains to lock your suitcase if in second class, for example. Long-distance buses run everywhere (e.g. Cairo to Hurghada or Sharm El-Sheikh), and while they are generally safe, bus crashes have occurred – sometimes due to speeding or poor road conditions – causing multiple fatalities including foreign tourists If you travel by coach, consider daytime journeys when drivers are likely more alert, and use well-known companies.
In Sinai and desert areas, road travel might involve convoys or checkpoints. Obey instructions at checkpoints and have your passport accessible. Domestic flights are a fast way to cover large distances (for example, Cairo to Aswan or to Sharm El-Sheikh). EgyptAir and other carriers operate modern aircraft; aviation security was tightened significantly after a 2015 incident (a bomb brought down a Russian charter plane from Sharm). Today, airport security checks in Egypt are very thorough – expect multiple screenings. Flying is generally the safest way to travel internally if you’re uncomfortable with long road or rail journeys.
Lastly, for water travel: if you take a Nile cruise or boat trip, check the boat’s safety features. Reputable Nile cruise ships adhere to good safety standards, but local ferries or small tour boats might be overcrowded – avoid any vessel that looks unstable or lacks life jackets. There have been accidents on Red Sea ferries in the past due to overcrowding and poor safety practices When diving or snorkeling, use licensed operators and follow safety briefings (the Red Sea has excellent diving, but ensure boats have radios and emergency gear). By choosing reliable transport options and exercising caution (seat belts on, helmets on for any quad-biking, etc.), you can greatly mitigate travel risks. And remember, Egyptian roads may be wild, but millions of tourists traverse them each year without incident.
Regional Safety Differences
Safety conditions can vary by region in Egypt. Here’s a breakdown of major areas and tourist destinations, including places under travel advisories:
Cairo and Giza: Cairo, the sprawling capital, is usually the starting point for travelers. Urban safety here is similar to other megacities – you should be mindful of pickpockets in crowded areas like Khan el-Khalili bazaar or packed metro cars. Keep small change handy to avoid pulling out a wallet on the street. Scams such as people offering a “special tour” of a site or claiming a museum is closed (when it’s not) tend to happen around the and major museums. The Giza Pyramids area, in particular, is famous for aggressive touts and camel operators; some may follow you or press for a tip Having a guide or joining a tour for the Pyramids can insulate you from much of this hassle On the positive side, Cairo has a strong security presence. You’ll see tourist police and armed guards at hotels, malls, and tourist sites. Metal detectors are the norm at site entrances (though often not strictly enforced). These measures make it very difficult for anyone to smuggle weapons into tourist areas, which enhances safety. In general, Cairo is safe to explore, even at night in busy districts, but stick to well-lit, populated areas. Some neighborhoods (especially informal areas far from the center) might not be advisable for foreigners after dark. Also, traffic is a major hazard – be extremely careful crossing streets (cross with locals if possible, or use pedestrian bridges). The city’s bustle can be overwhelming, so plan for downtime. Finally, avoid any political demonstrations or gatherings. Tahrir Square, for instance, has historical significance for protests, but today any sign of protest draws a swift security response. As a tourist, you should distance yourself from any commotion to stay safe and out of trouble.
- Alexandria: This Mediterranean port city has a more relaxed vibe but is also more conservative than Cairo in some ways. Tourists (especially women) who dress very skimpily might attract unwanted attention here, as locals are less accustomed to foreign visitors. Alexandria’s crime profile is similar – low violent crime, some petty theft. Along the Corniche (waterfront) and in markets, keep an eye on your phone and wallet; snatch-and-run thefts can occur. Taxis here usually don’t use meters, so negotiate your fare. The city’s highlights – like the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Qaitbay Citadel, and Montaza Palace gardens – are well-policed and safe. If you venture into local neighborhoods or the beach areas that locals frequent, you might get curious stares but also warm interactions.
- Women travelers in Alex should be prepared for some catcalling or attempts at flirtation; it may help to dress modestly and consider using a rideshare or hotel car, especially at night. There isn’t a big tourist police presence in Alexandria, so practice the usual city smarts. One unique aspect: Alexandria can experience occasional winter storms (Nov–Feb) that cause street flooding – not a safety risk per se, but something to be aware of in terms of infrastructure and getting around. Overall, Alexandria is quite safe for tourists, and local people are often excited to see foreigners enjoying their city. Just remain as cautious here as you would in any unfamiliar city.
Luxor and Aswan (Upper Egypt): These Nile-side cities are the heart of Egypt’s pharaonic heritage and receive many tourists, hence they tend to be very security-conscious. Luxor has checkpoints at city entrances and frequent police patrols. At famous sites like Karnak Temple, the Valley of the Kings, Hatshepsut’s Temple, etc., you will see armed guards and sometimes tourist police escorts for tour groups. There is a palpable sense that authorities are watching out for tourist safety (and indeed, tourism is the lifeblood of Luxor). This means serious crime is almost nonexistent in these areas. You are far more likely to have issues with over-eager vendors or guides. In Luxor’s case, horse carriage (“caleche”) drivers and boat captains offering Nile ferry rides might persistently solicit your business. They can be annoying, but a firm “no, thanks” usually works after a couple of repetitions. Aswan is smaller and known for the friendly Nubian culture; hassles are fewer there, and you might find a more laid-back atmosphere. Both Luxor and Aswan are generally safe to walk around, even in the evenings (the Nile corniche in both cities is a pleasant place to stroll). Of course, use the same precautions (don’t flash expensive jewelry or wander down dark alleys alone at 2 AM). Notably, terrorism has not targeted Luxor/Aswan in recent times. The last major incident in Luxor was in 1997 (the Luxor massacre at Hatshepsut Temple), and security has been extremely tight since then, with no repeats. An attempted attack in 2015 at Luxor’s Karnak was foiled by police before any tourists were hurt. The bottom line: Upper Egypt’s tourist sites are well-guarded and considered safe, so you can focus on enjoying the incredible sights. Just prepare for the heat (summers here routinely exceed 40°C/104°F) and stay hydrated and sun-protected. Also, consider the cultural sensitivity – Upper Egypt is conservative, so modest attire (especially for women) will earn respect and possibly reduce stares or comments.
Red Sea Resorts (Hurghada, Sharm El-Sheikh, etc.): Although not explicitly mentioned in the question, many travelers to Egypt include Red Sea resort towns, so it’s worth noting their safety. Hurghada, on the mainland Red Sea coast, and Sharm El-Sheikh, at the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula, are Egypt’s premier resort areas. They are highly secured and largely isolated from internal troubles. In Sharm El-Sheikh, for example, the city is buffered by checkpoints; road access from Cairo or the Suez Canal is tightly controlled, and most tourists arrive by air. Many governments that advise against travel to North Sinai exclude Sharm El-Sheikh from those warnings, reflecting its relative safety . Once inside these resort zones, the atmosphere is like a typical beach destination – relaxed and catered to tourists. Violent incidents are exceedingly rare. One lingering concern was the 2015 Metrojet flight bombing after departure from Sharm; in response, Egypt (with international help) vastly improved airport security in Sharm. Flights from the UK and elsewhere, which were suspended, have since resumed after safety upgrades. Hurghada and Marsa Alam (another resort further south) similarly have strong security. There was an attack in 2017 in Hurghada where a lone attacker stabbed some tourists at a hotel beach, but such events are isolated. Nonetheless, stay aware of your surroundings. Resort guests should also follow basic precautions: lock your room, use hotel safes, and supervise children at pools/beaches. Note that water safety is crucial – only swim in designated areas (currents and coral can be dangers) and follow local guidelines (e.g. some areas forbid swimming if sharks have been sighted). Overall, Red Sea resorts are family-friendly and secure, making them one of the least risky parts of Egypt for travelers.
Sinai Peninsula (Beyond Sharm): The Sinai has very distinct regions in terms of safety. South Sinai includes Sharm El-Sheikh, Dahab, Nuweiba, Mount Sinai (St. Catherine’s area), etc. South Sinai’s tourist centers (Sharm and Dahab in particular) are considered safe for tourists and are heavily monitored. Dahab is a smaller town known for diving and attracts many backpackers; it has a laid-back vibe and sees far fewer security incidents. However, when traveling overland in South Sinai (for example, the road from Sharm to Dahab or to St. Catherine’s Monastery), you will encounter police checkpoints. It’s important to stick to main roads and routes; tourists are generally not allowed to wander freely off-road in the desert mountains for their own safety. Travel in convoy or with reputable tour operators if you plan to visit the interior (e.g. Mount Sinai tours usually go at night with police escorts). The northern part of Sinai, however, is a different story. The North Sinai Governorate (and parts of central Sinai) are under a long-running insurgency. This area – roughly from Taba and Nuweiba northwards through Al-Arish to the Gaza border – is under a state of emergency with frequent military operations. Travel to North Sinai is strongly advised against by virtually all governments ( Terrorist attacks against Egyptian security forces occur regularly in North Sinai, and militant groups have targeted anyone they suspect of cooperating with authorities. There is also a risk of kidnapping in those areas Tourists have no reason to be in North Sinai (there are no major tourist sites besides maybe the Sinai Battlefields of 1973, which are off-limits anyway). If your itinerary had notions of going to say, Al-Arish or trying an overland route to Israel via North Sinai – don’t. The Taba border crossing to Israel is actually at the very south of North Sinai and has heavy security; crossing there to/from Israel is generally safe, but you must go directly through (and many governments still urge caution on the road to Taba). In summary, South Sinai (Sharm, Dahab, St. Catherine) is safe for visitors with normal precautions, while North Sinai is a no-go zone due to terrorism and should be avoided entirely Always check the latest local advice if in Sinai, as the security situation can evolve with little notice
- Western Desert and Border Regions: (Though not a typical part of tourist plans, a note on this for completeness.) Egypt’s Western Desert (the vast area west of the Nile, stretching to the Libyan border) has amazing oases and landscapes (e.g. Siwa Oasis, Bahariya Oasis, White Desert). These areas are generally peaceful, but they are remote and have sporadic security checkpoints. Travel to Siwa Oasis, for instance, requires joining a security convoy at certain points because you go near the Libyan border. Most governments advise against independent travel within 50 km of the Libya frontier due to risks of smuggling or armed groups crossing the border However, guided tours to the main oases are common and considered safe when properly arranged. If you plan a desert excursion, go with an experienced operator who secures the necessary permits The same caution applies to the Egypt-Sudan border area and the southeastern desert: those are military zones with no tourist sites, so there’s no reason to venture there without permission. In short, stick to the well-trodden paths in the Western Desert and heed any travel warnings. The vast majority of travelers will not be near these border regions at all (unless you’re specifically planning an oasis adventure). If you are, research the latest guidance and possibly check in with your embassy about the plans.
In all regions, a guiding principle is to follow local advice. Egyptians know their country well – if hotel staff or locals warn you not to go somewhere or say an area is unsafe, heed their warnings. Conversely, if an area is considered safe by locals and authorities, you can feel more comfortable. Most popular tourist destinations in Egypt (Cairo, the Nile Valley, Red Sea resorts) are under no special warning – as of 2024, no government has advisories against travel to Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor, Aswan, or the main Red Sea resorts . They only flag the Sinai (north) and remote deserts. So you can plan your itinerary around the wealth of safe locations and avoid the few restricted zones.
Safety Tips for Different Types of Travelers
Recent solo traveler experiences: Many people have traveled Egypt solo in 2023–2024 and reported that they felt generally safe, aside from the routine hassles of big-city travel. For instance, one Reddit user said they “loved” their solo trip and always felt safe, though the heckling was uncomfortable at times . Another traveler recounted that the biggest dangers they encountered were things like a bad stomach bug and chaotic traffic, rather than crime. Of course, individual experiences vary – a very unlucky traveler might face issues – but serious incidents are not common. To maximize safety, inform someone (family or friends) of your itinerary and stay in contact periodically. Most hotels and hostels have Wi-Fi, so you can check in. If you’re venturing to less-touristed places, consider teaming up with fellow travelers you meet along the way for those legs of the journey. Not only is it safer, but sharing experiences can be fun.
In summary, solo travel in Egypt is doable and often enjoyable, but it’s best suited for those with some travel savvy. You’ll need to be a bit street-smart and assertive. If it’s your first time traveling solo ever, Egypt might feel overwhelming – you could start with a smaller group tour or ensure you have support on the ground. If you’re an introvert who dislikes fending off chatty strangers, be prepared to step outside your comfort zone. But don’t be discouraged: thousands of solo backpackers and explorers roam Egypt each year. By following the advice in this guide and staying aware and confident, you can be among them and have a safe trip.
Female Travelers
Egypt can be a completely safe destination for female travelers, but it does come with some unique challenges. It’s important to be honest: Egypt has a reputation (backed by statistics and many anecdotes) for street harassment, and foreign women often draw attention. On the other hand, Egyptian culture also places emphasis on protecting “guests,” and many travelers find locals to be extremely kind and helpful when it counts. So it’s a mixed picture – you should be prepared for stares or comments, but also know that serious harm is very unlikely and that you can rely on authorities or bystanders if needed.
Harassment and cultural norms: The level of catcalling or harassment women face in Egypt can range from none at all (some women are pleasantly surprised) to frequent annoyances. A 2024 solo female traveler wrote “while I loved Egypt…it was one of the most challenging and exhausting countries I’ve ever been to”, noting that constant staring and comments from men were commonplace . It’s important to set expectations: you might get stared at simply for being a foreign woman, especially outside tourist zones. You may hear men (or teenage boys) saying things like “welcome” or trying to get your attention, or occasionally more obscene comments. This happens in broad daylight and is usually verbal. The good news is that it’s most often just talk – maintaining boundaries and not engaging is usually enough to deter it. What to do if harassed? The general consensus is to ignore catcalls and keep moving . Responding or arguing back typically doesn’t help and might even encourage an annoyer. If someone gets too close or you feel threatened, a firm, loud “La’!” (No!) or “Imshi!” (Go away!) can embarrass them off, especially if others are around. You can also duck into a shop or toward a security guard. Egyptian society does not approve of men harassing women (despite it happening); in fact, Egypt has passed laws against sexual harassment. Many locals will intervene on your behalf if you clearly call someone out – so don’t hesitate to make a scene if you need to. And as mentioned earlier, the tourist police (dial 126) are available – they take such reports seriously . If anything like groping or assault (highly unlikely, but if) occurs, report it immediately. There are police stationed at virtually every major tourist spot for this reason .
Dress code for women: Adopting local dress norms can significantly reduce unwanted attention and show respect. The idea isn’t that harassment is your fault if you don’t cover up (absolutely not), but the reality is that blending in a bit can make your experience more comfortable. Modest attire is key. This means covering your legs and arms for the most part . In Cairo or Alexandria, you’ll see local women with everything from Western clothes to headscarves to full veils, but as a foreigner, you aren’t expected to wear a hijab (headscarf) except when entering mosques. Do carry a light scarf, though – it’s very useful for popping into a mosque or covering your hair if you feel uneasy in a particular area. For day-to-day wear: long pants or long skirts, and tops that cover your shoulders and chest are advisable . Tight leggings alone are not a great idea unless you have a tunic or dress over them that covers to mid-thigh. Shorts and tank tops are really only suitable on the beach or at a hotel pool. In touristy spots like around the pyramids or in Hurghada/Sharm resorts, you will see women in shorts or sleeveless tops – it’s not illegal – but be aware it will draw eyes in non-resort settings. One female blogger noted, “Even if I see other women dressing more casually, I treat it as a sign of respect for the culture not to do so”, and found that this helped her as a solo traveler . Bottom line: dress modestly, and you’ll likely feel more comfortable.
Getting around safely as a woman: Use the tools available. In Cairo’s metro, as mentioned, use the women-only cars (usually the middle cars) . In other transport, like microbuses or shared taxis, try not to be the last passenger or sit next to a lone man if you can avoid it (sit near other women or families). If you take a regular taxi, it’s recommended for women to sit in the back seat (not next to the driver) . This is just a sensible precaution. Also, minimize conversation with male taxi drivers; a bit of politeness is fine, but if they ask personal questions, you can give vague answers or lie (many solo women mention saying they are married or that their husband is waiting at the destination even if untrue, just to set a boundary). At night, it’s worth spending a bit more on a private car or reputable driver arranged by your hotel, especially if you’re alone. In general, Egypt’s streets get quiet late at night (outside of some downtown Cairo spots), so it’s best for women not to be out alone in isolated areas after about 10 or 11 pm. If you want to enjoy Cairo’s nightlife or riverside cafes, consider going with a group or guide you trust, or stick to venues attached to big hotels which are considered very safe.
Interactions with local men: Egyptian men can be very friendly and some can be flirtatious with foreign women. You might get offers like a local showing you around or invitations for tea. While some female travelers have had genuine platonic friendships with Egyptian men, it’s wise to be cautious. Never feel obligated to go anywhere alone with a man you just met. If you do make local friends, meet in public places. Also, be aware of the “Romance scam” phenomenon – in touristy areas like Luxor or Hurghada, there are a few cases of local men charming foreign women (sometimes significantly older women) to later ask for money or favors. This is not terribly common, but it’s something to have on your radar. Keep your personal information guarded and your money even more so.
Women traveling together or in groups: If you’re a group of female friends, you’ll likely have an easier time than a single woman, as you can watch out for each other and deter would-be harassers. Still, the same rules apply: dress modestly, stick together especially at night, and use reputable transport. Many women-only tour groups travel to Egypt nowadays, which is an option if you prefer a structured experience with peers.
Accommodation tips: Opt for hotels or guesthouses with good reviews from female travelers. In Cairo, neighborhoods like Zamalek are considered upscale and relatively hassle-free for walking around. If you ever feel uncomfortable at your accommodation (e.g. a staff member is behaving inappropriately), don’t hesitate to contact management or even move to another hotel. Those instances are rare, but your comfort is paramount.
A special note: incidents in resorts – one might assume all harassment happens on the streets of Cairo, but actually some have been reported in Red Sea resorts. According to the UK FCDO, the majority of sexual assault cases reported by British nationals in Egypt in recent years occurred in resort areas (Red Sea), often by someone the victim had come to know (like a hotel staff or excursion leader) This is not to scare you away from resorts, but to remind that even in relaxed settings you should keep professional relationships with staff. Don’t let your guard completely down with overly friendly male staff or drivers. For example, avoid situations where you’re alone with a male staffer – if your hotel cleaner comes when you’re alone, you can ask him to return later or stay on the phone with someone while he’s there. These are probably over-cautious scenarios, but better safe than sorry.
To end on a positive note: Egyptian hospitality towards women can also be very heartwarming. Many women recount stories of locals (both men and women) going out of their way to help them feel safe – like walking them to their hotel to make sure they’re OK, or women inviting them to family gatherings. You might find female locals more forthcoming if you’re solo – some might strike up a conversation out of curiosity or kindness. Embrace these genuine interactions; use intuition to distinguish them from unwanted male attention. By respecting the culture and asserting yourself, you can absolutely have a safe and enriching trip as a woman in Egypt. Thousands of female travelers do it every year. Prepare, stay alert, and you’ll likely find that the awe of Egypt’s sites far outweighs the annoyances you encounter.
Families (Traveling with Children)
Bringing your family to Egypt can be a fantastic adventure – Egyptians love kids, and you’ll often find that having children with you leads to even warmer welcomes. That said, traveling with kids means extra vigilance to keep them safe and comfortable in a very different environment. Here’s what you need to know about family travel safety in Egypt:
General safety and attitude towards children: Culturally, Egyptians are very family-oriented and children are cherished. Don’t be surprised if strangers smile at your kids, pinch a cheek, or want to take photos with your fair-haired toddler. This attention is usually good-natured; you can always politely decline if you or the child isn’t comfortable. The good part is that many locals will also look out for you – for instance, helping you cross a street with your little ones, or entertaining a fussy child at a restaurant. Crime against tourists is rare to begin with, and even rarer against families. It’s highly unlikely anyone would target a family for theft or harm. In fact, Egypt is considered one of the safer destinations for family travel in terms of personal security , thanks to its robust tourism police and generally protective culture towards families.
Health considerations for kids: Children can be more susceptible to food and water borne illnesses, so be extra careful with their food. Strictly bottled water for drinking and brushing teeth is a must for kids (and adults) . Make sure fruits are peeled and foods are well-cooked for young ones. It’s wise to pack medicines your kids might need: fever reducers, rehydration salts (in case of diarrhea), motion sickness meds if they’re prone (long drives or Nile cruises can induce that), and any prescription meds (bring enough for the whole trip). Consult a pediatrician about vaccines – kids should be up-to-date on routine shots; Hepatitis A is recommended for most travelers, including children. Also, sun protection is vital: use high-SPF sunscreen, sun hats, and UV-protective clothing. In summer, plan indoor or shaded activities for midday to prevent heat exhaustion. Encourage kids to drink water regularly (bottled water, again) because they might get dehydrated faster than adults in Egypt’s dry heat.
Stroller vs. carrier: If you have a baby or toddler, note that Egyptian sidewalks can be uneven and crowded. A lightweight stroller could be handy in cities, but at archaeological sites it will be nearly useless (lots of sand, stairs, and rough terrain). A baby carrier/backpack is often a better choice for visiting temples or pyramids. In some museums (like the Egyptian Museum in Cairo), a stroller is workable but the new Grand Egyptian Museum (when fully open) might have more stroller-friendly space. Keep in mind also that many taxis and cars do not have car seats – if you have an infant or small child, you may want to bring a portable car seat or booster for safety in vehicles. At the very least, hold your child on your lap with the seatbelt around them and you if possible (seatbelts in back seats are sometimes missing in older cars, unfortunately).
Keeping kids safe in public: Crowded sites like the pyramids or busy markets can easily result in a lost child if you’re not careful. Hold hands and establish a meeting point older kids can find if separated. It’s a good idea to dress your kids in a distinctive color each day or have an ID card in their pocket with your contact info (perhaps a local SIM number while you’re in Egypt). In museums or vast temple complexes, keep them close – not just to avoid getting lost, but also because some areas have steep drops or uneven floors (for example, some pyramid interiors or tombs have steep ladders which are not ideal for very young kids). Most tourist sites do not have many barriers or railings, so you have to keep a close eye on adventurous children.
Transport with kids: When traveling as a family, you might opt for private tours or transfers. Many tour companies in Egypt accommodate families and can provide larger vehicles (like a van) which is more comfortable and safer (and you can request them to have appropriate seating). If using trains, book a 1st class carriage or the sleeper train – the extra space and cleanliness are worth it. Air travel inside Egypt is quick (a one-hour flight vs. a 10-hour bus ride), which can reduce travel stress on kids. On Nile cruises, be cautious with kids on deck – always supervise near railings. Reputable cruise lines might have life vests available; it doesn’t hurt to ask. Also, some cruises have minimum age requirements or no-special facilities for kids (no babysitting, etc.), so choose one that welcomes children.
Child-friendly itinerary: Safety also means planning a trip that won’t over-exhaust or frustrate the kids. Mix in kid-friendly activities: short camel rides (ensure the operator provides a led camel and helmet if possible), a sailboat (felucca) ride at sunset in Aswan (life jackets on, and very calm waters), or an afternoon at a hotel pool to let them splash and cool off. Many families say their kids loved things like the mummies in the museum (slightly macabre but fascinating for school-age kids) or climbing around temple ruins (within allowed areas). Always follow site rules – for example, it’s illegal and dangerous to climb the pyramids (aside from the few steps at the entrance). Explain to kids beforehand what’s off-limits to prevent any incidents.
Specific concerns: If your child has a health condition (like asthma), note that air pollution in Cairo can be high – bring inhalers or necessary meds. If they have severe food allergies, carry an allergy card in Arabic and medication (like EpiPens), because language barriers could make explaining an allergy tricky in restaurants. Egyptian food for kids: you’ll find familiar items like grilled chicken, rice, pastas, and of course things like falafel and pita that many kids enjoy. But be mindful of spice levels and hygiene (street food is fun, but maybe in moderation for kids).
Stranger danger and childcare: Just as anywhere, teach your kids not to wander off with anyone. In hotels, it’s generally safe, but you might not want to leave young kids alone with hotel staff or sitters unless you have absolute confidence. (Some high-end hotels offer babysitting services – if you use them, verify the sitter’s identity and maybe stay close by for peace of mind.) The UK government specifically advises that children should not be left alone with hotel or excursion staff That’s a good rule of thumb – for example, if a friendly tour guide offers to take your kids on a short camel ride without you, it’s better if you or another adult family member tags along.
Family units and local customs: One nice thing is that Egyptian culture will respect your family unit. In more conservative areas, Egyptian women might approach your wife or daughter to compliment or chat, and men will often direct conversation to the male head of family out of respect. It’s common for Egyptians to be very accommodating to mothers with children; you might get to cut lines or get helped first (don’t be shocked, it’s their way of helping). Accept help when needed, but also stay attentive—e.g., if someone lifts your child onto a camel, be sure it’s a licensed camel handler and part of your plan, not some random person.
In summary, Egypt is quite suitable for families and incidents involving children are exceedingly rare. You mainly have to guard against the environmental challenges (heat, water, food) and the logistics (strollers, cars, etc.). Many families have unforgettable trips to Egypt, and often kids come away as mini Egyptologists, amazed by the pyramids and mummies! By preparing well and observing these safety measures, you can ensure your family’s trip is safe, smooth, and enriching. And don’t forget to involve the kids in learning a few Arabic words – locals will be delighted when your child says “salaam alaikum” (hello) or “shukran” (thank you), which can turn potential hassles into heartwarming exchanges.
Local Customs and Practical Safety Tips
Understanding and respecting local customs in Egypt not only helps you avoid offense, but can also keep you safer. Many issues that travelers face can be avoided by knowing what to do (or not do) in the local context. Here are key customs and tips:
- Dress Modestly: We’ve touched on this, but it’s worth reiterating for all travelers (men and women). Egypt is a predominantly Muslim country and modest clothing is expected in most places. This doesn’t mean Western dress is unacceptable – you’ll see everything in Cairo – but if you dress overly revealing, you may attract unwanted attention or be seen as disrespectful, especially in rural areas or religious sites. Women should cover their legs and upper arms, and avoid low-cut tops . Men should avoid walking shirtless or in tank tops in the city (save it for beach resorts), and even shorts are less common outside tourist spots – lightweight long pants are preferable. At mosques or churches, everyone should wear long pants (or skirts for women) and women should cover their hair with a scarf when entering mosques. Many mosques will provide a covering or have robes for visitors. By dressing modestly, you not only show respect but also blend in a bit more, which can reduce chances of being targeted by pickpockets or scammers who often single out obviously foreign tourists. As the British travel advisory succinctly puts it: “Dress modestly, especially in rural areas, mosques and souqs (markets).”
- Behavior in Public: Egyptians are generally conservative in public behavior. Public displays of affection are frowned upon A married couple holding hands is okay, but kissing or hugging in public will draw stares and is considered inappropriate. It’s best to save affection for private settings. Loud swearing or making rude gestures can actually get you in legal trouble (there are laws against public indecency), so keep calm and polite even if you’re frustrated. Additionally, be mindful during Islamic religious occasions: during Ramadan (the month of fasting, which will occur in March–April 2025, for example), refrain from eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours out of respect Non-Muslims are not required to fast, but it’s courteous not to do these things blatantly on the street or in front of those who are fasting. Many restaurants are closed in daytime during Ramadan, though hotels cater to non-fasting guests. Also, if you’re in Egypt during Ramadan, note that tempers can flare right before sunset (people are hungry/thirsty), and then there’s a very festive but hectic period at night. Just be culturally aware during that time – dress a bit more conservatively, and be patient as business hours and services adjust for the holy month
- Alcohol and nightlife: Alcohol is legal in Egypt but not widely consumed by locals. It’s mostly available in tourist hotels, bars, and some restaurants. Drinking alcohol in public (outside licensed venues) is illegal So don’t walk down the street with a beer in hand, and don’t get visibly intoxicated in public areas – that can not only offend people but also attract police attention. Only drink in licensed bars, restaurants, or in your hotel. There are nightclubs in Cairo and some tourist centers, but they often have security checks. As a safety note, never accept drinks from strangers and keep an eye on your beverage, as you would anywhere, to avoid spiking. Drug use is absolutely out of the question – Egypt has very strict anti-drug laws, and even small quantities can lead to long prison sentences or worse Travelers have been arrested for possessing things like a single joint, which in Egypt is a serious offense. So, bottom line: enjoy a drink responsibly in the right setting, but steer completely clear of any illegal substances.
Respect for Religion: In addition to dress and not eating publicly in Ramadan, show respect when visiting religious sites. Remove your shoes when entering mosques (there are usually racks or attendants; you can carry them in a bag). Speak softly inside mosques and churches, and avoid visiting during prayer times if possible (some mosques like Al-Azhar allow tourists, but will restrict access during the five daily prayers). Also, never make derogatory remarks about Islam, Christianity, or religion in general while in Egypt. Aside from being rude, it could lead to serious trouble due to strict blasphemy laws. If you visit a mosque or a church service, observe quietly and respectfully. Photography inside some mosques or churches may be forbidden – look for signs or ask permission. As a rule, Fridays are the holy day (weekend) in Egypt, so some businesses close around midday for the main prayer. Sunday is a normal working day, though Coptic Christian services take place on Sundays.
Tipping (“Baksheesh”): Egypt runs on tips. The local term is baksheesh, and you will hear it frequently. It can mean a tip, a bribe, or just a small reward for help. Assume that for many small services, a tip is expected. For example, it is common to tip hotel porters (around 10-20 EGP per bag), tour guides and drivers (perhaps 10% of the tour cost for guides, and a smaller amount for drivers), and restaurant waiters (if service isn’t already included, 10% is standard). Also, be prepared to tip bathroom attendants a couple of Egyptian pounds (have a handful of 5s and 10s handy) – many public toilets will have an attendant who hands you tissue. While some travelers find the constant tipping culture irritating, it’s part of the economy and often those small tips are a big help to the workers.
One travel writer noted that tipping is a huge part of the culture in Egypt, and there’s really no way around it . Embrace it and keep small notes available. If someone explicitly asks for baksheesh and you don’t think it’s deserved (say, a random guy “helped” you for two seconds without you asking), you can decline or give a very small amount. Tipping is also sometimes used to gain small privileges – e.g., some tourists tip guards at tombs or temples to allow photos in no-photo areas or to see a “hidden” section.
While this happens, be mindful that it’s technically not allowed and could get the guard in trouble; better to stick to rules. Finally, don’t let tipping turn into extortion – if you already paid for a service (like a tour) and someone demands more, you have the right to refuse. Tip what you feel is fair and don’t be bullied; a common scam is a guide or camel driver trying to charge extra halfway through a journey. Remember you can always firmly say you’ll call the tourist police (126) if you feel ripped off – that usually ends the argument in your favor.
Bargaining: In Egyptian bazaars and with street vendors or taxis, haggling is expected. It’s not a safety issue per se, but it can feel like one if a vendor becomes aggressive. Don’t be intimidated; haggling is a game. Start at a fraction of the quoted price and work up. Keep it good-natured and don’t argue over what amounts to a few dollars. If you truly feel harassed by a seller, you can seek a nearby police officer – but usually a firm “no” repeated several times does the job. Some scams to note: If someone puts a scarab bracelet on your wrist or a scarf around you and then demands money, just take it off and hand it back – you are not obliged to buy something just because they handed it to you. At tourist sites, some “guards” might offer to take you to a spot for a better photo and then ask for a tip – it’s okay to say no or, if you do it, be ready to tip ~20 EGP for the favor. Overall, keep small change for tipping and bargaining, and don’t flash large bills in markets.
Photography Precautions: Egypt is a photographer’s dream, but there are some important restrictions. Never photograph military or police personnel, installations, or vehicles This includes obvious sites like military bases, army checkpoints, or policemen at their posts, but also things like the Suez Canal and government buildings. Tourists have been arrested for unwittingly taking photos of things like bridges, train stations, or even empty stretches of desert that turned out to be near military land When in doubt, ask. It’s fine to snap pictures of the Pyramids, temples, and everyday street scenes – Egyptians will often even pose if you ask – but avoid infrastructure. Also, be respectful if taking photos of people: always ask permission before photographing someone directly (especially women and religious figures). In fact, Egyptian law says you should get a person’s written permission to take their photo , though that’s not practical for casual travel photography; just asking verbally is polite enough in practice. Many women, in particular, may not want to be photographed – respect a no. Never photograph children without parental consent. Some religiously conservative folks might believe photographs are intrusive, so use discretion. Drones are banned in Egypt for travelers – don’t attempt to bring one without special permits (it will be confiscated at customs and you could face legal issues). If you’re a vlogger or professional photographer with serious equipment, be aware Egypt recently had regulations requiring permits for professional equipment; tourists with a simple camera usually have no issues, but a big rig with tripods might draw questions. Lastly, some sites (Valley of the Kings, some museums) require you to purchase a photo ticket to take pictures inside – it’s worth it to avoid your camera/phone being confiscated or getting a fine. Follow the rules and you’ll be fine.
Dealing with Authorities: Generally, if you’re behaving, you won’t have much interaction with police or soldiers aside from seeing them around. Still, a few tips: Carry your passport (or a copy) with you at all times Police have the right to ask for ID and sometimes do random checks, especially in Cairo. It’s actually illegal not to have ID on you. A photocopy is usually okay for a tourist, but some officers may insist on the original. It might be best to keep the original passport in your hotel safe and carry a copy plus a photo of the ID page on your phone – but definitely have your actual passport when traveling between cities or at airports, etc. If police or military stop you at a checkpoint, remain calm, be polite, and answer any questions. Often saying you’re a tourist (“tourist, ziyara”) and showing your hotel booking or itinerary will satisfy them. Do not joke about security topics (no bomb jokes at the airport!). If you rented a car and are driving, be extra courteous if pulled over – hands visible, don’t argue about a ticket on the spot; you can often pay fines later. Note that open criticism of the Egyptian government or president is a red line – even on social media, foreigners have faced consequences for posting or tweeting politically sensitive things while in Egypt It’s best to avoid political conversations with strangers. If an officer asks to search you or your bag, let them – it’s usually routine. Corruption at the street level isn’t typically something tourists encounter; you should not have to pay bribes to police. If you do get into some trouble (minor traffic accident, etc.), calling your embassy or the tourist police can be a good move to ensure due process.
- Emergency contacts: Memorize or keep handy the local emergency numbers: Police 122, Ambulance 123, Fire 180. Also note the Tourist Police hotline 126 . In any tourist area, you can usually find a tourist police officer (they often wear a distinctive uniform with a badge that says Tourist Police). They can help mediate in disputes (like if a vendor is extorting you) or take reports if something is stolen. Service quality varies, but they are there for you. It’s also wise to know your country’s embassy phone number in Cairo. For example, the US Embassy in Cairo can be reached at +20 2-2797-3300 British Embassy at +20 2 2791 6000 , etc. Keep those in your phone or written down. Egypt also has a tourist support line (recently the Ministry of Tourism launched a 24/7 tourist helpline at 19654 when in Egypt). These contacts are like a safety net – you’ll likely never need them, but good to have.
Stay Updated: Situations in Egypt (as with anywhere) can change. Although unlikely on a short trip, events like a sudden protest, a fuel shortage, a pandemic flare-up, or regional conflict can all have ripple effects. It’s smart to monitor local news (ask your hotel if anything of note is happening). As an example, in late 2023 during the Gaza conflict next door, Egypt occasionally adjusted security measures and the Rafah border was sometimes closed Tourists were unaffected in most of Egypt, but those planning to cross borders or go near Sinai had to stay flexible. Similarly, if there’s a significant incident, the government might impose a curfew or restriction in that specific area Follow any instructions given by authorities in such cases. Social media can be a double-edged sword – lots of rumors. Rely on your embassy alerts or official sources like the Egyptian State Information Service or reputable news outlets for verification.
- LGBTQ+ travelers: (The question didn’t explicitly ask, but for comprehensiveness:) LGBTQ+ individuals should be aware that Egypt is not welcoming of open LGBTQ+ expression. While homosexuality is not explicitly illegal, authorities have used public morality or debauchery laws to arrest people (including foreigners) for suspected gay activity – for example, there have been crackdowns involving dating apps or pride symbols. Same-sex couples should avoid public displays of affection and be very discreet. Trans travelers might face difficulties at checkpoints if presentation doesn’t match passport gender, etc. It’s advisable to connect with organizations like EQUAL Egypt (if any resources are available) for up-to-date advice. Essentially, keep a low profile in this regard for your safety.
Women’s rights and harassment laws: Egypt has been trying to combat the harassment issue – there are now harsh penalties for sexual harassment. If you unfortunately experience something serious, know that the law is on your side if you report it. Insist on filing a police report (having local contacts or your embassy involved can help navigate the system). Some hotel staff might discourage reporting to “avoid trouble” , but you have the right to report any crime. For minor harassment, it’s usually not practical to involve police, but for any assault or theft, definitely get an official report. Not only is this needed for insurance or justice, but also to transfer a visa to a new passport if yours was stolen (police report required)
- Avoiding Bribery and Corruption: Tourists occasionally mention being asked for “tips” by officials – for instance, a guard might hint for something extra to let you through a shortcut. It’s your call, but understand that bribery is technically illegal, even if small-scale. It’s best not to engage. A small tip to a guard who showed you something is one thing, but if an officer explicitly asks for money to do something (like to skip a checkpoint line), it’s safer to politely refuse and comply with normal procedures. These situations aren’t too common, but just be aware.
Lastly, enjoy the hospitality. Safety isn’t just about avoiding bad things; it’s also about embracing the good that keeps you comfortable. Egyptians often go above and beyond to welcome visitors. You might be invited for tea in a shop (which is usually safe to accept, just be prepared that they’ll show you their merchandise after). You might find that people offer help if you look lost – this is often genuine, not an ulterior motive. Accept kindness but always keep situational awareness.
Traveling in Egypt is a balancing act of openness and caution. With this guide, you have a thorough overview of what to watch out for and how to behave to maximize your safety. To recap the high-level points: stay alert, respect local laws and customs, avoid restricted areas, and use common sense. Egypt’s tourist areas are well-secured and incidents remain rare. By being an informed traveler, you’re stacking the odds in your favor. In fact, the Egyptian government’s efforts and the general public’s vigilance mean that tourists can explore comfortably and safely – incidents involving foreigners are very uncommon, and millions visit without any issues . So equip yourself with knowledge, keep this safety advice in mind, and get ready to immerse yourself in the wonder of Egypt with confidence. Safe travels – or as they say in Arabic, reise sa’ida!
